Sut I Wong is Head of Department and Professor of communication and management at BI Norwegian Business School. She is also a Professor II at the Department of Psychology at University of Oslo and an adjunct faculty at University of Ljubljana. She is the co-founder and has been the co-director of Nordic Center for Internet and Society at BI. Beside academic work, Sut I is highly involved in the industry and she currently is an advisory board member of two tech start-ups.
Her research focuses on both macro and micro foundations of labor-relations. At the macro level, she investigates the differences in institutional environment for employee participation programs across varieties of capitalist models. She also looks at how industrial relation policies can better foster employee participation and organizational identification during mergers & acquisitions. At the micro level, she conducts research across various management disciplines, such as human resource management, leadership, organization behaviour, directing at individual proactivity, creativity/innovation, taking charge, leader-follower relationships, performance, and motivation. Some of her research examine how autonomous working conditions at firm level and the relationality between leaders and followers influence individual and organizational outcomes.
In addition, she conducts research that involves management issues with a focus on cross-cultural determinants. Sut I has been the coordinator for numerous global research projects, including Global HR project, Global Leadership Identity project, and Global Employee silence project. More recently, her research focus on the roles of digital technologies on work-life, including the use of virtual teams, human-machine interaction, crowdworkers’ online participation and career development, gamification in changing organizational culture, AI-advanced recruitment and job allocation, digital transformation management, new ways of working, team innovation and coordination, leadership and employee adaptability in digital transformation. Beside invited talks and seminars by the industry, her work is published in esteemed scientific journals such as The Leadership Quarterly, Journal of Management, Human Resource Management, Human Resource Management Journal, Human Relations, California Management Review, Harvard Business Review, etc. Sut I has been and is involved in numerous funded research projects, such as Fair Labor in the Digitized Economy funded by Norwegian Research Council, and Organizational Design in the Digital Era funded by Slovenian Research Agency.
In terms of teaching, she teaches leading in digitized workplace, multicultural leadership, digital change management, leadership communication, negotiation, etc.
Monzani, Lucas; Bibic, Kira, Haslam, S. Alexander, Kerschreiter, Rudolf, Lemoine, Jérémy E., Steffens, Niklas K., Akfirat, Serap Arslan, Ballada, Christine Joy A., Bazarov, Tahir, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Avanzi, Lorenzo, Bunjak, Aldijana, Černe, Matej, Edelmann, Charlotte M., Epitropaki, Olga, Fransen, Katrien, García-Ael, Cristina, Giessner, Steffen Robert, Gleibs, Ilka H., Godlewska-Werner, Dorota, Kark, Ronit, Gonzalez, Ana Laguia, Lam, Hodar, Lupina-Wegener, Anna, Markovits, Yannis, Maskor, Mazlan, Alonso, Fernando Jorge Molero, Leon, Juan Antonio Moriano, Neves, Pedro, Pauknerová, Daniela, Retowski, Sylwiusz, Roland-Lévy, Christine, Samekin, Adil, Sekiguchi, Tomoki, Story, Joana, Stouten, Jeroen, Sultanova, Lilia, Tatachari, Srinivasan, van Bunderen, Lisanne, Van Dijk, Dina, Wong, Sut I & Van Dick, Rolf (2024)
Political leaders' identity leadership and civic citizenship behavior: The mediating role of trust in fellow citizens and the moderating role of economic inequality.
Černe, Matej; Lamovšek, Amadeja, Nikolova, Irina & Wong, Sut I (2023)
Leadership in Digitised Workplaces
Lynn, Theo; Rosati, Pierangelo, Conway, Edel & van der Werff, Lisa (red.). The Future of Work. Challenges and Prospects for Organisations, Jobs and Workers.
Leadership represents an emerging theme in the field of digitised workplaces, yet the understanding of leadership dynamics and effectiveness in this context remains limited. The aim of this chapter is to (1) provide an overview of the existing academic literature at the intersection of leadership and the future of work and (2) propose an integrative framework of established and current research and emerging trends. We apply a holistic, systematic and comprehensive review of this literature based on objective measures of impact. We consider the main theoretical foundations within the literature and provide an overview of prominent research clusters including both current and emerging themes. Practical implications are related to leadership and digitalisation, leadership in virtual work, leading virtual teams and leadership in the context of the Future of Work and the gig economy.
Solberg, Elizabeth; Adamska, Katarzyna, Wong, Sut I & Traavik, Laura E. Mercer (2022)
When managers believe technological ability is fixed
This paper examines the psychological mechanism by which digital workers translate self-rated creativity into other-rated creativity (novelty and usefulness). Specifically, we explore digital workers' creative self-efficacy as an explanatory mechanism while we investigate psychological entitlement as a boundary condition. We test our research model on a sample of digital platform workers (245 working professionals on Amazon Mechanical Turk) and 167 digital experiment participants. The results of both studies converge in supporting the moderated-mediation model leading up to novelty as a criterion of creativity, but not usefulness. Implications for the study of creativity and digital work are discussed.
Wong, Sut I; Berntzen, Marthe, Warner-Søderholm, Gillian & Giessner, Steffen Robert (2022)
The negative impact of individual perceived isolation in distributed teams and its possible remedies
Innovation is considered essential for today's organizations to survive and thrive. Researchers have also stressed the importance of leadership as a driver of followers' innovative work behavior (FIB). Yet, despite a large amount of research, three areas remain understudied: (a) The relative importance of different forms of leadership for FIB; (b) the mechanisms through which leadership impacts FIB; and (c) the degree to which relationships between leadership and FIB are generalizable across cultures. To address these lacunae, we propose an integrated model connecting four types of positive leadership behaviors, two types of identification (as mediating variables), and FIB. We tested our model in a global data set comprising responses of N = 7,225 participants from 23 countries, grouped into nine cultural clusters. Our results indicate that perceived LMX quality was the strongest relative predictor of FIB. Furthermore, the relationships between both perceived LMX quality and identity leadership with FIB were mediated by social identification. The indirect effect of LMX on FIB via social identification was stable across clusters, whereas the indirect effects of the other forms of leadership on FIB via social identification were stronger in countries high versus low on collectivism. Power distance did not influence the relations.
Wong, Sut I; Solberg, Elizabeth & Traavik, Laura E. Mercer (2022)
Individuals' fixed digital mindset, internal HRM alignment and feelings of helplessness in virtual teams
Purpose The present study investigates whether individuals having a fixed digital mindset (comprises fundamental beliefs about technological ability and organizational resources as work becomes more digitalized) experience greater helplessness working in virtual teamwork environments. The authors examine how perceived internal human resource management (HRM) alignment moderates the positive relationship expected between individuals' fixed digital mindset and feelings of helplessness. Together, the paper aims to contribute to a greater understanding of the personal and contextual factors that influence an individual's experience of helplessness in virtual team settings. Design/methodology/approach The authors test the hypotheses using time-lagged survey data collected from 153 information technology (IT) engineers working in virtual teams in Europe. Findings The authors find that individuals with higher levels of fixed digital mindset experience greater helplessness in virtual teamwork environments than individuals with lower levels. Furthermore, the authors find that having higher-fixed beliefs about organizational resources is positively related to helplessness when individuals perceive that the broader HRM system is misaligned with the virtual teamwork environment. Research limitations/implications The data were obtained from IT engineers in Europe, which is potentially limiting the generalizability of the authors' findings to other work contexts and cultures. Practical implications The authors' study helps leaders in virtual teamwork environments to better understand and manage the personal and contextual factors that could affect individuals' well-being and effective functioning in such settings. Originality/value The authors' research contributes to the scant literature investigating the personal characteristics important in virtual teamwork environments and the contextual factors important for aligning virtual teamwork designs with the organizational system. The authors extend this research by looking at personal and contextual factors together in a single model.
Mikalsen, Marius; Moe, Nils Brede, Wong, Sut I & Stray, Viktoria (2021)
Agile Information System Development Organizations Transforming to Large-Scale Collaboration
Valacich, Joe (red.). ICIS 2021 Proceedings
We report findings from a case study of a large agile information systems development (ISD) organization´s sudden transformation to distributed, digital work in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. It seeks to understand how knowledge creation and sharing changes. The findings show various forms of distance being introduced, digital tool usage, increased task orientation, and variations across teams. To analyze the findings, we use the concepts of large-scale collaborations and sociability. Large-scale collaboration offers a socio-technical perspective on tackling distributed knowledge sharing and creation in the presence of multiple, loosely coupled partners using digital tools for collaboration. We show what the digital tools afford using the concept of sociability. We discuss how distributed digital practices make teams more task-oriented and that creating and maintaining sociability, a key issue for knowledge sharing in agile ISD organizations, require relation-oriented communication during practical problem solving using digital tools.
van Dick, Rolf; Cordes, Berrit L., Lemoine, Jérémy E., Steffens, Niklas K., Haslam, S. Alexander, Akfirat, Serap Arslan, Ballada, Christine Joy A., Bazarov, Tahir, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Avanzi, Lorenzo, Bodla, Ali Ahmad, Bunjak, Aldijana, Černe, Matej, Dumont, Kitty B., Edelmann, Charlotte M., Epitropaki, Olga, Fransen, Katrien, García-Ael, Cristina, Giessner, Steffen, Gleibs, Ilka H., Godlewska-Werner, Dorota, González, Roberto, Kark, Ronit, Gonzalez, Ana Laguia, Lam, Hodar, Lipponen, Jukka, Lupina-Wegener, Anna, Markovits, Yannis, Maskor, Mazlan, Molero, Fernando, Monzani, Lucas, Leon, Juan A. Moriano, Neves, Pedro, Orosz, Gábor, Pandey, Diwakar, Retowski, Sylwiusz, Roland-Lévy, Christine, Samekin, Adil, Schuh, Sebastian, Sekiguchi, Tomoki, Song, Lynda Jiwen, Story, Joana, Stouten, Jeroen, Sultanova, Lilia, Tatachari, Srinivasan, Valdenegro, Daniel, van Bunderen, Lisanne, Van Dijk, Dina, Wong, Sut I., Youssef, Farida, Zhang, Xin-An & Kerschreiter, Rudolf (2021)
Identity leadership, employee burnout and the mediating role of team identification: Evidence from the global identity leadership development project
Do leaders who build a sense of shared social identity in their teams thereby protect them from the adverse effects of workplace stress? This is a question that the present paper explores by testing the hypothesis that identity leadership contributes to stronger team identification among employees and, through this, is associated with reduced burnout. We tested this model with unique datasets from the Global Identity Leadership Development (GILD) project with participants from all inhabited continents. We compared two datasets from 2016/2017 (n = 5290; 20 countries) and 2020/2021 (n = 7294; 28 countries) and found very similar levels of identity leadership, team identification and burnout across the five years. An inspection of the 2020/2021 data at the onset of and later in the COVID-19 pandemic showed stable identity leadership levels and slightly higher levels of both burnout and team identification. Supporting our hypotheses, we found almost identical indirect effects (2016/2017, b = −0.132; 2020/2021, b = −0.133) across the five-year span in both datasets. Using a subset of n = 111 German participants surveyed over two waves, we found the indirect effect confirmed over time with identity leadership (at T1) predicting team identification and, in turn, burnout, three months later. Finally, we explored whether there could be a “too-much-of-a-good-thing” effect for identity leadership. Speaking against this, we found a u-shaped quadratic effect whereby ratings of identity leadership at the upper end of the distribution were related to even stronger team identification and a stronger indirect effect on reduced burnout
Wong, Sut I; Bunjak, Aldijana, Černe, Matej & Fieseler, Christian (2021)
Fostering Creative Performance of Platform Crowdworkers: The Digital Feedback Dilemma
With crowdsourcing increasingly contributing to organizations’ innovative performance, it becomes more and more important for them to cultivate the creativity of their crowdsourcing communities. While digital feedback is the main, if not the only, two-way channel of communication between the platforms and the crowdworkers, little is yet known about how to use digital feedback to manage and foster the creative performance of crowdworkers. This study examines how the provision and nature of feedback, provided virtually through online interfaces, influence creative performance. We argue that the alleged positive relationship between the creative self-efficacy of crowdworkers and creative performance is conditional upon the joint effect of digital feedback valence and the degree to which crowdworkers focus on learning as achievement outcomes. We conducted a two-stage experimental study with 298 participants in a crowdsourcing setting. The results show that feedback provided in virtual settings, irrespective of whether the feedback is positive or negative, can be perceived as surveillance and thus hurt the creative performance of crowdworkers with high creative self-efficacy but low mastery goal orientation. However, the results also show that when receiving negative feedback, community members who have high creative self-efficacy and mastery goal orientation try harder in subsequent creative tasks. Accordingly, we advocate for nurturing platform cultures that emphasize both confidence in the contributor’s own competence and the abilities to learn and develop.
Wong, Sut I & van Gils, Suzanne (2021)
Initiated and received task interdependence and distributed team performance: the mediating roles of different forms of role clarity
Distributed agile teams are increasingly employed in organizations, partly due to the increased focus on digital transformation. However, research findings about the performance of such teams appear to be inconsistent, calling for more research to investigate the conditions under which distributed agile teams may thrive. Given that task coordination is particularly challenging when team members are not co-located, the present study investigates the roles of the two types of task interdependence, i.e., initiated versus received task interdependence. Survey results from 191 participants working in distributed agile teams within three companies in Norway confirm our hypotheses. Specifically, we show that high initiated task interdependence is associated with higher role clarity of others, while received task interdependence is associated with higher role clarity of self, and that both subsequently result in higher team performance in distributed agile teams. Thus, we argue that each type of task interdependence contributes in a unique way to team performance in distributed agile teams.
Pilav-Velic, Amila; Černe, Matej, Trkman, Peter, Wong, Sut I & Abaz, Anela Kadic (2021)
Digital or innovative: Understanding "digital literacy - practice - innovative work behavior" chain
Digital transformation has put tremendous pressure on employees to innovate with the use of information technology (IT). This paper explores the extent to which digital literacy and personal innovativeness contribute to individual’s innovative work behavior (IWB). To test our hypotheses, we apply double bootstrapping mediation analyses paired with relative importance analysis on a dataset collected from employees (N = 167) in a pharmaceutical company. The results showed the existence of a double-mediation chain whereby digital practices and attitude toward digitalized innovation mediate the positive relationship between digital literacy and IWB. Surprisingly, said chain was not supported for personally innovative individuals, indicating that digital literacy plays a relatively more important role in stimulating attitudes toward digitalized innovation and IWB. Our findings add further specificity to research on digital natives and may help organizations understand the role of digital literacy and personal innovativeness in organizationally-relevant outcomes, such as IWB.
Knoll, Michael; Gotz, Martin, Adriasola, Elisa, AI-Atwi, Amer Ali, Arenas, Alicia, Atitsogbe, Kokou A., Barrett, Stephen, Bhattacharjee, Anindo, Blanco C., Norman D., Bogilovic, Sabina, Bollmann, Gregoire, Bosak, Janine, Bulut, Cagri, Carter, Madeline, Černe, Matej, Chui, Susanna L. M., Marco, Donatella Di, Duden, Gesa, Elsey, Vicki, Fujimura, Makoto, Gatti, Paola, Ghislieri, Chiara, Giessner, Steffen Robert, Hino, Kenta, Hofmans, Joeri, Jønsson, Thomas Faurholt, Kazimna, Pazambadi, Lowe, Kevin B., Malagon, Juliana, Mohebbi, Hassan, Montgomery, Anthony, Monzani, Lucas, Pieterse, Anne Nederveen, Ngoma, Muhammed, Ozeren, Emir, O'Shea, Deirdre, Ottsen, Christina Lundsgaard, Pickett, Jennifer, Rangkuti, Anna Armeini, Retowski, Sylwiusz, Ardabili, Farzad Sattari, Shaukat, Razia, Silva, Silvia A., Simunic, Ana, Steffens, Niklas K., Sultanova, Faniya, Szucs, Daria, Tavares, Susana M., Tipandjan, Arun, Van Dick, Rolf, Vasiljevic, Dimitri, Wong, Sut I & Zacher, Hannes (2021)
International Differences in Employee Silence Motives: Scale Validation, Prevalence, and Relationships with Culture Characteristics across 33 Countries
Employee silence, the withholding of work-related ideas, questions, or concerns from someone who could effect change, has been proposed to hamper individual and collective learning as well as the detection of errors and unethical behaviors in many areas of the world. To facilitate cross-cultural research, we validated an instrument measuring four employee silence motives (i.e., silence based on fear, resignation, prosocial, and selfish motives) in 21 languages. Across 33 countries (N = 8,222) representing diverse cultural clusters, the instrument shows good psychometric properties (i.e., internal reliabilities, factor structure, and measurement invariance). Results further revealed similarities and differences in the prevalence of silence motives between countries, but did not necessarily support cultural stereotypes. To explore the role of culture for silence, we examined relationships of silence motives with the societal practices cultural dimensions from the GLOBE Program. We found relationships between silence motives and power distance, institutional collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance. Overall, the findings suggest that relationships between silence and cultural dimensions are more complex than commonly assumed. We discuss the explanatory power of nations as (cultural) units of analysis, our social scientific approach, the predictive value of cultural dimensions, and opportunities to extend silence research geographically, methodologically, and conceptually.
Wong, Sut I; Kost, Dominique & Fieseler, Christian (2021)
From crafting what you do to building resilience for career commitment in the gig economy
The present study investigates how individual and collaborative job crafting may help digital labourers to build resilience and career commitment in the gig economy. Results based on a time-lagged survey from 334 digital labourers indicate that those who engaged in higher individual job crafting reported subsequently higher resilience at the outset. Moreover, high collaborative job crafting compensated for low individual crafting efforts in reaching higher resilience and subsequently higher career commitment in the gig economy. Theoretical and practical implications for sustainable careers in the gig economy are discussed.
Berntzen, Marthe & Wong, Sut I (2021)
Autonomous but interdependent: The roles of initiated and received task interdependence in distributed team coordination
Distributed team arrangements are becoming “the new normal”. The present study considers the evolution of electronic commerce into an area where operational interaction and coordination of work occurs when previously only commerce occurred. As more teams are moving online, the need to understand the conditions supporting team coordination is becoming increasingly prevalent. By examining the moderating roles of initiated and received task interdependence on the relationship between perceptions of self-management and coordination in distributed teams, we aim to advance research in the area of e-commerce and benefit distributed teams in current and future practice. Results based on a survey of 101 professionals working in distributed teams indicate that the level of team self-management is positively related to perceived coordination when the level of initiated task interdependence within a team is high, as well as when the level of received task interdependence is low. These findings further indicate that initiated and received team task interdependence represent difference team coupling structures that can enable or hinder team coordination. Theoretical and practical implications for the boundary conditions to sustain coordination in self-managing teams are discussed.
Wong, Sut I (2020)
The Future of Work, Digital Labor, and Business Legitimacy
Rendtorff, Jacob Dahl (red.). Handbook of Business Legitimacy. Responsibility, Ethics and Society
The increasing trend of Internet technology platforms and its offerings of digital labor have revolutionized the world of work. Companies that compete in this so-called gig economy are breaking away from traditional work arrangements and using a business model that challenges current employment and labor laws. While gig economy employers boast the benefit of work flexibility, their workers face compromised fairness in regard to compensation, working conditions, and career development. This chapter discusses how the gig economy redefines the future of work, by focusing on the current state of gig workers, and then explores opportunities for ways in which the gig economy can mutually benefit the employers and its workers
Ana, Alacovska; Fieseler, Christian & Wong, Sut I (2020)
‘Thriving instead of surviving’: A capability approach to geographical career transitions in the creative industries
This article examines career transitions in creative industries that involve geographical relocation from large metropolitan creative cities to small, remote and marginal urbanities. Drawing on 31 in-depth interviews with freelancers who have relocated to peripheral Southern European locales, the article explores the ways in which creative workers make sense of and justify their career transitions away from the metropolis, while reassessing reflexively over their lifespan the shifting meaning of their career success. We propose the adoption of Nussbaum’s capability approach in the study of such career transitions as a means of strengthening current theorizing about the role played by urban contexts in individual conceptualizations of career success and meaningful professional identities. Applying this analytical lens, we tease out the ways in which our informants perceived the influence exerted by different urban contexts on their capacity to enact a set of capabilities for the attainment of well-being and quality of life at different stages in their careers while striving to preserve a stable professional identity as creative workers. We argue that a good life evaluation, which includes a reflexive and comprehensive reassessment of the capabilities to live life well while pursuing a creative career, underlies creative workers’ shifting interpretations of geographical career transition that contravene conventional measures of career upward mobility, development and growth.
Wong, Sut I; Fieseler, Christian & Kost, Dominique (2020)
Digital labourers’ proactivity and the venture for meaningful work: Fruitful or fruitless?
Digital Labor, taking up flexible but small-scale employment arrangements on online intermediary platforms, with few constraints on how much, when, and where work is performed, are becoming the new work reality for many individuals. Scholars have argued that this type of work is inherently demeaning. We seek to explore the worker’s perspective and how their long-term perspective aligns or misaligns with their actual workarrangement. We draw on career construction theory and hypothesize a job–career congruence model suggesting that when workers’ cognitive presentations of their microwork as jobs or careers are incongruent, they are less likely to experience their work as meaningful. The results from a two-stage field study of 803 workers from two microworking platforms support the negative effect of an incongruent job–career schema on workers’ experience of meaningful work. Additionally, results demonstrate that even workers who are proactive in nature, seem unable to excel in these fluid work settings when their job-career schema are not aligned.
Solberg, Elizabeth; Traavik, Laura E. Mercer & Wong, Sut I (2020)
Digital Mindsets: Recognizing and Leveraging Individual Beliefs for Digital Transformation
Employees’ beliefs about technological change, their “digital mindsets,” are likely to influence their engagement in, or withdrawal from, their company’s digital transformation initiatives. Employees’ beliefs regarding the malleability of personal ability (fixed/growth mindset) and their beliefs about the availability of situational resources (zero-sum/expandable-sum mindset) influence the extent to which they see new technologies as providing opportunities for professional growth or as encroaching on their ability to display competency. This article examines the implications for managing digital transformation.
Connelly, Catherine; Fieseler, Christian, Černe, Matej, Giessner, Steffen Robert & Wong, Sut I (2020)
Working in the digitized economy: HRM theory & practice
In our introduction to this special issue on the gig economy, we provide some context to how and why this phenomenon should be studied, with a particular emphasis on Human Resource Management. We then describe the four articles that comprise the special issue, and we note some common themes. Our introduction concludes with some suggestions for future research on the gig economy.
Kost, Dominique; Fieseler, Christian & Wong, Sut I (2020)
Boundaryless careers in the gig economy: An oxymoron?
Advocates of the boundaryless career perspective have relied to a great extent on the assumption that actors take responsibility for their own career development and that they consequently take charge of developing their career competencies. In this provocation piece, we debate the obstructions to and potential ways to promote boundaryless careers in the gig economy, which—despite appearing on the surface to offer suitable conditions for boundaryless careers—suffers from numerous conditions that hinder such careers. Thus, boundaryless careers in the gig economy could be an oxymoron. In particular, we conjecture that intraorganisational and interorganisational career boundaries restrict gig workers' development of relevant career competencies and thus limit their mobility. We then put forward the notion that we have to consider moving away from traditional, employer‐centric human resource management and introduce new forms of network‐based and self‐organised human resource management practices (in the form of collaborative communities of practice) in order to diminish these boundaries.
Bunjak, Aldijana; Černe, Matej & Wong, Sut I (2019)
Leader-follower pessimism (in)congruence and job satisfaction: The role of followers? identification with a leader
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the (in)congruence of leaders’ and followers’ cognitive characteristics (i.e. pessimism), followers’ identification with a leader and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach: Data from 291 working professionals are analyzed, following a series of hierarchical linear modeling and mediated polynomial regression analyses. Findings: Polynomial regression analysis results indicate that alignment (congruence) between leaders’ pessimism and followers’ pessimism, when both are at high levels, is related to low levels of job satisfaction. Further, leader–follower congruence at lower levels of pessimism leads to high levels of job satisfaction through the mediator of followers’ perceived identification with a leader. Originality/value: By identifying (in)congruence of leader–follower pessimism as a key antecedent, and taking an explanatory mechanism of identification with a leader into account, the authors contribute to disentangling the conceptual paths that underlie the mode by which implicit leadership theory might explain instances of individual job satisfaction.
Nerstad, Christina G. L.; Wong, Sut I & Richardsen, Astrid Marie (2019)
Can engagement go awry and lead to burnout? The moderating role of the perceived motivational climate
In this study, we propose that when employees become too engaged, they may become burnt out due to resource depletion. We further suggest that this negative outcome is contingent upon the perceived motivational psychological climate (mastery and performance climates) at work. A two-wave field study of 1081 employees revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between work engagement and burnout. This finding suggests that employees with too much work engagement may be exposed to a higher risk of burnout. Further, a performance climate, with its emphasis on social comparison, may enhance—and a mastery climate, which focuses on growth, cooperation and effort, may mitigate the likelihood that employees become cynical towards work—an important dimension of burnout.
Berntzen, Marthe & Wong, Sut I (2019)
Coordination in distributed, self-managing work teams: The roles of initiated and received task interdependence
Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), s. 973- 982. Doi: 10.24251/HICSS.2019.119
While coordination is assumed to contribute to distributed self-managing work team performance, our knowledge about the factors influencing coordination in such team settings is limited. In the present study, we investigate the moderating roles of initiated and received task interdependence on the relationship between self-management and coordination perceptions in distributed teams that rely on electronic communication tools to interact. A field survey study of 110 employees in 40 distributed teams demonstrated that when there are high levels of initiated task interdependence and low levels of received task interdependence, team self-management is associated with stronger perceived coordination in distributed teams. Based on these results, we discuss theoretical and practical implications for distributed self-managing teams.
Wong, Sut I (2019)
Influencing upward: Subordinates’ responses to leaders’ (un)awareness of their empowerment expectations
While the use of distributed teams enabled by digital technologies is burgeoning in contemporary organizations, leaders of distributed teams face different challenges than those of co-located teams. Our knowledge about how these differences play out, however, is not yet fully developed. To address this, the present study investigates how transformational leaders may develop high-quality leader-member exchange (LMX) relationships in distributed teams. Based on two field studies of distributed teams in three organizations, the present study examined how the joint effect of electronic dependence and team task interdependence may influence the relationship between transformational leadership and LMX quality. Across both studies, results from three-way interaction analyses demonstrated that transformational leadership related negatively to LMX quality when electronic dependence and task interdependence were both high. Based on the results, we discuss theoretical and practical implications for leaders with a relationship-based approach in distributed teams.
Van Dick, Rolf; Lemoine, Jérémy E, Steffens, Niklas K., Kerschreiter, Rudolf, Akfirat, Serap Arslan, Avanzi, Lorenzo, Dumont, K, Epitropaki, Olga, Fransen, Katrien, Giessner, Steffen Robert, González, Roberto, Kark, Ronit, Lipponen, Jukka, Markovits, Yannis, Monzani, Lucas, Orosz, Gábor, Pandey, Diwakar, Roland-Levy, Christine, Schuh, Sebastian C, Sekiguchi, Tomoki, Song, Lynda Jiwen, Stouten, Jeroen, Tatachari, Srinivasan, Valdenegro, Daniel, van Bunderen, Lisanne, Voros, Viktor, Wong, Sut I, Zhang, Xin-an & Haslam, Alexander (2018)
Identity Leadership Going Global: Validation of the Identity Leadership Inventory (ILI) across 20 Countries
Recent theorizing applying the social identity approach to leadership proposes a four-dimensional model of identity leadership that centers on leaders’ management of a shared sense of “we” and “us”. The present research validates a scale assessing this model — the Identity Leadership Inventory (ILI). We present results from an international project with data from all six continents and from more than 20 countries/regions with 5,290 participants. The ILI was translated (using back-translation methods) into 13 different languages (available in the Appendix) and used along with measures of other leadership constructs (i.e. LMX, transformational, and authentic leadership) as well as employee attitudes and (self-reported) behaviors — namely identification, trust in the leader, job satisfaction, innovative work behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, and burnout. Results provide consistent support for the construct, discriminant, and criterion validity of the ILI across countries. We show that the four dimensions of identity leadership are distinguishable and that they relate to important work-related attitudes and behaviors above and beyond other leadership constructs. Finally, we also validate a short form of the ILI, noting that is likely to have particular utility in applied contexts.
Sanders, Karin; Jorgensen, Frances, Shipton, Helen, Van Rossenberg, Yvonne, Cunha, Rita, Li, Xiaobei, Rodrigues, Ricardo, Wong, Sut I & Dysvik, Anders (2018)
Performance-based rewards and innovative behaviors
Human Resource Management, 57(6), s. 1455- 1468. Doi: 10.1002/hrm.21918
Wong, Sut I & Kuvaas, Bård (2018)
The Empowerment Expectation–Perception Gap: An Examination of Three Alternative Models
Previous empowerment research has focused on subordinate perceptions of empowering leadership and its outcomes. Met‐expectations theory suggests that subordinate expectations of leader behaviours are essential in forming their a posteriori evaluations. To address the lack of investigation of individual expectations in the empowerment literature, in this study, we explore how subordinates' empowerment expectations and perceptions combine to influence their job satisfaction and psychological empowerment based on three alternative, theoretically derived met‐expectation models, namely, the disconfirmation model, the ideal‐point model, and the experiences‐only model. The results of a 2‐stage study of 114 respondents indicate that employees are more satisfied with their work when perceived empowerment exceeds expectations. However, both empowerment perceptions and expectations positively contribute to higher psychological empowerment. We then discuss implications and directions for future research.
Kost, Dominique; Fieseler, Christian & Wong, Sut I (2018)
Finding Meaning in a Hopeless Place? The Construction of Meaningfulness in Digital Microwork
New forms of employment centered on the completion of simple and atomized tasks, such as online microwork, raise the question of the possible gratifications that could be derived from such work when compared to more traditional labor arrangements. Our research presented here focuses on how microworkers construct meaningfulness, based on the accounts of workers on the crowdsourcing platform Amazon Mechanical Turk. We draw upon a relational job design perspective to explore why microworkers experience meaningfulness in their work. We found four sources of meaningfulness: rewards, self-improvement, moral, and social. These four sources vary in the degree to which they were internal or external in focus, and in their level of rationalization (concrete or abstract). This may explain why such types of employment are appealing despite a lack of organizational-support structures and points to the need to better understand cue provision in virtual, platform-enabled work settings.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong & Giessner, Steffen Robert (2018)
The thin line between empowering and laissez-faire leadership: An expectancy match perspective
Wong, Sut I; Solberg, Elizabeth, Junni, Paulina & Giessner, Steffen Robert (2017)
The role of human resource management practices in mergers & acquisitions
Tarba, Shlomo Y.; Cooper, Cary L., Sarala, Riikka M. & Ahammad, Mohammad F. (red.). Mergers and Acquisitions in Practice
Wong, Sut I; Škerlavaj, Miha & Černe, Matej (2017)
Build Coalitions to Fit: Autonomy Expectations, Competence Mobilization, and Job Crafting
Human Resource Management, 56(5), s. 785- 801. Doi: 10.1002/hrm.21805
Sunagic, Mirha & Wong, Sut I (2016)
Ansattes frie ytringer: Ledernes rolle
Alm, Kristian; Brown, Richard Mark & Røyseng, Sigrid (red.). Kommunikasjon og ytringsfrihet i organisasjoner
Bogilovic, Sabina; Škerlavaj, Miha & Wong, Sut I (2016)
Idea implementation and cultural intelligence
Škerlavaj, Miha; Černe, Matej, Dysvik, Anders & Carlsen, Arne (red.). Capitalizing on creativity at work: Fostering the implementation of creative ideas in organizations
Solberg, Elizabeth & Wong, Sut I (2016)
Crafting one's job to take charge of role overload: When proactivity requires adaptivity across levels
The present study investigates employees' job crafting behavior in the context of perceived role overload, and identifies employees' perceived ability to deal with work change (i.e., “perceived adaptivity”) and leaders' need for structure as moderators positively influencing this relationship. A two-wave panel field study of 47 leaders and 143 employees in a Norwegian manufacturing firm found that perceived role overload related negatively to employees' job crafting, as hypothesized. Employees' perceived adaptivity alone did not increase job crafting in role overload situations, as predicted. Rather, the relationship between perceived role overload and job crafting was only positive when employees' perceived adaptivity was high and their leaders' need for structure was low. Thus, employees' job crafting in role overload situations depends on the interactive fit between employees' and leaders' adaptive capabilities. Implications for the socially embedded theory of job crafting and leadership practice are discussed.
Giessner, Steffen Robert; Horten, K. E. & Wong, Sut I (2016)
Identity management during organizational mergers: Empirical insights and policy advices
Social Issues and Policy Review, 10(1), s. 47- 81. Doi: 10.1111/sipr.12018
Humborstad, Sut I Wong & Dysvik, Anders (2015)
Organizational Tenure and Mastery-Avoidance Goals: The Moderating Role of Psychological Empowerment
Kopperud, Karoline; Martinsen, Øyvind L. & Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2014)
Engaging leaders in the eyes of the beholder: On the relationship between transformational leadership, work engagement, service climate, and self-other agreement
Humborstad, Sut I Wong; Cheng, Soo-May & Ng, K. K. (2010)
Chinese tourists in Macao: How individual and group visitors perceive service quality
Journal of Macao Polytechnic Institute, 4, s. 15- 30.
Cheng, Soo May; Ng, Kwan Keung & Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2010)
Chinese cultural dimensions in perceptions of service quality
Journal of China Tourism Research, 6(3), s. 244- 258.
Wong, Sut I; Humborstad, Bjarte & Whitfield, Richard (2008)
Burnout and service employees’ willingness to deliver quality service
Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 7(1), s. 45- 64.
Wong, Sut I; Humborstad, Bjarte, Whitfield, Richard & Perry, Chad (2008)
Implementation of empowerment in Chinese high power distance organizations
International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(7), s. 1351- 1366.
Popovic, Ales; Cerne, Matej & Wong, Sut I (1)
Introduction to Designing for Digital Mini-track
Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) [Kronikk]
Popovic, Ales; Cerne, Matej & Wong, Sut I (1)
Introduction to designing for digital mini-track
Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) [Kronikk]
Popovic, Ales; Černe, Matej & Wong, Sut I (1)
Introduction to designing for digital mini-track
Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) [Kronikk]
Černe, Matej; Aleksic, Darija, Kost, Domninique, Buch, Robert, Bunjak, Aldijana & Wong, Sut I (2023)
Knowledge hiding, creative bootlegging, supplemental work and employee performance: A longitudinal analysis
[Academic lecture]. EAWOP congress.
Nikolova, Irina; Wong, Sut I & Wu, Jing (2022)
Leader’s cognitive framework and employees’ autonomy during digital organizational change
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management Annual Meeting.
Wong, Sut I (2022)
What Will Management Look Like in the Next 100 Years?
[Popular scientific article]. Harvard Business Review
Wong, Sut I (2022)
Job Crafting Can Help Digital Gig Workers Build Resilience
[Article in business/trade/industry journal]. Harvard Business Review
Online gig work has grown increasingly common in recent years — and yet there’s still limited understanding of how to effectively support these non-traditional workers. While gig workers can benefit from greater flexibility and autonomy than traditional employees, they also face unique challenges: less job security, fewer resources for career development, and often, a strong sense of alienation and difficulty finding meaning in their work. The authors conducted a study with more than 300 digital gig workers in which they found that job crafting at both the personal and group levels can help workers cultivate resilience in the face of these challenges. Given these findings, the authors recommend that gig workers work to craft their jobs individually, but that they also proactively engage with communities that can help them develop skills, identify new opportunities, and feel more connected. They also suggest that crowd work platforms themselves take steps to foster a sense of community among their workers in order to support their job crafting efforts, and ultimately ensure a more-resilient workforce.
Wong, Sut I; Solberg, Elizabeth & Traavik, Laura E. Mercer (2021)
Employee Mindset, HRM Misalignment, and Helplessness in Virtual Teams
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management Conference 2021.
Traavik, Laura E. Mercer; Solberg, Elizabeth & Wong, Sut I (2020)
Mindset over matter: Moving beyond technology-centric models in the context of digital transformation
[Academic lecture]. SMS 40th Annual Conference.
Wong, Sut I; Kost, Dominique & Fieseler, Christian (2019)
From Crafting What You Do to Building Resilience for a Crowdwork Career
[Academic lecture]. Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Solberg, Elizabeth; Traavik, Laura E. Mercer & Wong, Sut I (2019)
Towards digital change: The importance of mindsets
[Academic lecture]. HRIC 2019.
Solberg, Elizabeth; Traavik, Laura E. Mercer & Wong, Sut I (2019)
When employees see digital transformation as a threat
[Popular scientific article]. BI Leadership Magazine
Solberg, Elizabeth; Traavik, Laura E. Mercer & Wong, Sut I (2018)
Hvordan vi tenker kan avgjøre om vi lykkes
[Popular scientific article]. Kapital
Wong, Sut I; Kost, Dominique & Fieseler, Christian (2018)
Meaningful Work and Subjective Well-Being: The Role of Job-Career (In) congruence in the Gig Economy
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management Annual Conference.
Flexible employment arrangements on multiple online intermediary platforms with few constraints as to how much, when and where work is performed is becoming the new work reality for many individuals. Arguments have been advanced that this type of work is inherently demeaning. In this article, we seek to explore the worker perspective regarding whether these types of gig labor arrangements are regarded as limited jobs or more as long-term careers. We draw on career construction theory and hypothesize a job-career congruence model that suggests that when workers’ cognitive presentation of their gig work as jobs or careers are incongruent, they are less likely to experience their work as meaningful and subsequently experience lower subjective well-being. The results from a two-stage field study of 803 workers from two different crowdsourcing platforms support these incongruent relationships and provides clarity regarding how gig work factors in to an individual’s life. In addition, we demonstrate that workers who are proactive in nature seem to excel more in these fluid work settings, which points to the necessity of self-leadership in such work arrangements to ensure prosperity.
Bjugstad, Therese; Berntzen, Marthe Nordengen & Wong, Sut I (2018)
Lederkommunikasjon: En nøkkel for medarbeiderengasjement
[Article in business/trade/industry journal]. Magma forskning og viten, 21(4), s. 40- 48. - Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Medarbeideres engasjement på jobb ansees som en nøkkelfaktor for bedrifters ytelse og prestasjoner. Gallup-undersøkelser viser imidlertid at urovekkende få medarbeidere opplever aktivt engasjement i sitt arbeid (Crabtree, 2013). Medarbeiderengasjement påvirkes av lederes kommunikasjon, der ikke bare hva, men også hvordan ledere kommuniserer spiller inn. Likevel mangler det empirisk forskning på forholdet mellom lederes kommunikasjonsferdigheter og medarbeiderengasjement, samt hvilken rolle kommunikasjonstrening spiller i dette forholdet. Denne studien undersøker derfor hvordan kommunikasjonstrening for ledere kan relateres til lederes kommunikasjonsytelse og medarbeiderengasjement. Studien benytter data samlet inn i perioden 2013-2015 blant ansatte i DNB. I denne perioden deltok 138 av selskapets ledere i et kommunikasjonstreningsprogram i regi av ZYNK Communication and Leadership AS. Resultatene fra undersøkelsen viste en sammenheng mellom kommunikasjonsytelse etter kommunikasjonstrening og nivået av medarbeiderengasjement blant ansatte. Dette indikerer at bedrifter kan dra nytte av å tilby sine ledere å utvikle sine kommunikasjonsferdigheter for økt medarbeiderengasjement.
Wong, Sut I & Berntzen, Marthe Nordengen (2018)
Leading virtually - When transformation get lost in virtual translation
[Academic lecture]. 5th International Conference on Management and Organization.
Wong, Sut I & Berntzen, Marthe Nordengen (2018)
Transformational Leadership and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) in Virtual Teams: The Roles of Electronic Dependence and Team Task Interdependence
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management Annual Meeting.
Berntzen, Marthe Nordengen; Wong, Sut I & Steen, Fredrik Hopen (2018)
When the favor is not seen as genuine – the moderating roles of social- and economic LMX on the relationship between empowering leadership and OCB
[Academic lecture]. 3rd Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Leadership Symposium.
Solberg, Elizabeth & Wong, Sut I (2017)
Dealing with excessive job demands
[Popular scientific article]. BI Leadership Magazine
Identity leadership going global: Validation of the Identity Leadership Inventory across 20 countries
[Academic lecture]. Tagung der Fachgruppe Arbeits-, Organisations- und Wirschaftspsychologie.
Van Dick, Rolf; Lemoine, Jeremy, Steffens, Niklas K., Kerschreiter, Rudolf, Akfirat, Serap Arslan, Avanzi, Lorenzo, Epitropaki, Olga, Fransen, Katrien, Giessner, Steffen Robert, Gonzales, Roberto G., Kark, Ronit, Lipponen, Jukka, Markovits, Yannis, Monzani, Lucas, Orosz, Gábor, Pandey, Diwakar, Roland-Levy, Christine, Schuh, Sebastian C, Sekiguchi, Tomoki, Song, Lynda Jiwen, Stouten, Jeroen, Tatchari, Srinivasan, Valdenegro, Daniel, van Bunderen, Lisanne, Wong, Sut I, Zhang, Xin-an & Haslam, Alexander (2017)
Global Identity leadership: Validation of the Identity Leadership Inventory across 20 countries
[Academic lecture]. General meeting 2017 european association of social psychology.
Wong, Sut I (2017)
Transformational Leadership and Virtual Team Performance: A Situational Leadership Perspective
[Academic lecture]. 6th ESMT OB-Conference.
Wong, Sut I; Černe, Matej, Fieseler, Christian & Bunjak, Aldijana (2017)
When creative efficacy is being challenged: The relationship between feedback valence and creative performance for crowdworkers
[Academic lecture]. EAWOP.
Giessner, Steffen Robert; Wong, Sut I, Fieseler, Christian, van Baalen, Christoph & Roufanis, Vasilis (2017)
How to implement new ways of work to increase organizational attractiveness
[Academic lecture]. EAWOP.
Bunjak, Aldijana; Černe, Matej & Wong, Sut I (2017)
Realistic optimism in the workplace: The (mis)match in leader-follower optimism and followers’ performance
[Academic lecture]. EAWOP.
Wong, Sut I; Černe, Matej, Fieseler, Christian & Connelly, Catherine (2017)
Working in the Digitized Economy. HRM Theory & Practice
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management Annual Meeting.
Kost, Dominique; Fieseler, Christian & Wong, Sut I (2017)
Micro-Entrepreneurs and the Art of Life-Crafting
[Academic lecture]. 7th Community, Work & Family Conference.
Kost, Dominique; Fieseler, Christian & Wong, Sut I (2017)
Now that we are all here – The effect of task- and relationship-focused leadership behaviors on co-presence and performance in virtual teams
[Academic lecture]. EAWOP.
Wong, Sut I; Kost, Dominique & Fieseler, Christian (2017)
Collaborative Crafting in Pursuit of a Career. The Case of Crowdworkers in the Gig Economy
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management Annual Meeting.
Kost, Dominique; Wong, Sut I & Fieseler, Christian (2016)
Finding meaning in a hopeless place: The construction of meaning in digital Microwork.
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management.
Solberg, Elizabeth & Wong, Sut I (2015)
Crafting one’s job to cope with role overload: when proactivity requires adaptivity across levels. Presented in the symposium, “Proactivity at work: novel perspectives on effectiveness and social context,” chaired by K. Strauss and C. Uri
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management Annual Meeting.
Nerstad, Christina G. L.; Richardsen, Astrid M. & Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2015)
Is work engagement always a good thing? The role of the motivational climate
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management Annual Meeting 2015.
Jørgensen, Frances; van Rosenberg, Yvonne, Sanders, Karin, Shipton, Helen, Gomes, Jorge, Rodrigues, Ricardo, Cunha, Rita, Dysvik, Anders, Škerlavaj, Miha & Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2015)
Do you see what I see? An investigation of managers’ and employees’ perceptions of HRM
[Academic lecture]. EAWOP 2015.
Sanders, Kristin; Wang, Ying, Shipton, Helen, van Rosenberg, Yvonne, Gomes, Jorge, Jørgensen, Frances, Rodrigues, Ricardo, Cunha, Rita, Dysvik, Anders, Škerlavaj, Miha & Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2015)
High Commitment HRM, HRM Process and Innovative behavior: the effects in nine countries
[Academic lecture]. EAWOP 2015.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2014)
How the Cultural Background Influences Social Responsibility
[Academic lecture]. The Intensive Summer Program.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2014)
Cross cultural competency: The key to success for global business
[Academic lecture]. Career Development Roudtable.
Nerstad, Christina G. L.; Richardsen, Astrid Marie & Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2013)
THE “DARK SIDE” OF ENGAGEMENT AND THE MODERATING ROLE OF THE MOTIVATIONAL CLIMATE AT WORK
[Academic lecture]. Work; Health and Stress Conference.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2013)
Building coalitions for job crafting: Leader-subordinate autonomy expectation (in)congruence and subordinate perceived competence mobilization
[Academic lecture]. Erasmus Research seminar.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2013)
Empowerment at work: Leader-subordinate contract
[Academic lecture]. AMPS temasamling.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2013)
Empowerment at work: Managing expectations as a key to success
[Academic lecture]. Leader Tool Box Seminar.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2013)
When industrial democracy and empowerment go hand in hand: A co-power approach
[Academic lecture]. the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2013)
Organizational tenure and mastery-avoidance goal orientation: The moderating role of psychological empowerment
[Academic lecture]. the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2013)
Influencing upward: Subordinates’ responses to leader’s awareness of their empowerment expectations
[Academic lecture]. the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong & Škerlavaj, Miha (2013)
Building Coalitions for Job Crafting: Leader-subordinate Autonomy Expectation (In)Congruence and Subordinate Perceived Competence Mobilization
[Academic lecture]. BI Leadership and organizational behavior friday seminar series.
Nerstad, Christina G. L.; Richardsen, Astrid Marie & Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2013)
The ”dark side” of engagement and the motivational climate at work
[Academic lecture]. Work, Stress and Health Conference (WSH).
Humborstad, Sut I Wong; Nerstad, Christina G. L. & Dysvik, Anders (2012)
Empowering Leadership and Subordinate Performance: The Moderating Role of Individual Goal Orientation
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management Annual Meeting.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2012)
Leader-subordinate empowerment expectation gap: The impact on individual innovation
[Academic lecture]. the Academy of Innovation and Entrepreneurship.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong & Nerstad, Christina G. Leonore (2012)
Empowering leadership and employee performance: The moderating role of individual goal orientation
[Academic lecture]. the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2012)
The empowerment expectation – perception gap: An examination of three competing models
[Academic lecture]. the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2011)
Empowerment and industrial democracy: The Scandinavian model
[Academic lecture]. The Asian Business & Management Conference 2011.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2010)
When empowerment meets social exchange – The mechanism of power generation
[Academic lecture]. The 7th Asia Academy of Management (AAOM) Conference Proceeding: Asian Management: Challenges and Opportunities in Turbulent Times.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2010)
Empowerment and job burnout: An empirical investigation
[Academic lecture]. The 7th Asia Academy of Management (AAOM) Conference Proceeding: Asian Management: Challenges and Opportunities in Turbulent Times.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2010)
Social-structure & psychological empowerment: A ten year narrative review
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management Annual Meeting 2010.
Humborstad, Sut I Wong (2010)
Institute effects of empowerment: A comparison between an Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian context
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management Annual Meeting.
Humborstad, Sut I. Wong; Cheng, Soo May & Ng, Kwan Keung (2010)
Chinese tourists in Macao: How individual and group visitors perceive service quality
[Article in business/trade/industry journal]. ?, s. 15- 30.
Wong, Sut I; Cheng, So May & Ng, K. K. (2008)
Service quality perceptions by Chinese tourists in Macau: Differences between individual and tour group visitors
[Academic lecture]. the International Conference of Tourism.
Humborstad, Bjarte; Wong, Sut I & Whitfield, Richard (2008)
Team climate and individual learning in Chinese organizations
[Academic lecture]. Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Anaheim, California, August 2008.
Ng, K. K.; Cheng, So May & Wong, Sut I (2007)
Perceptions of retail service quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions of Chinese visitors in Macau
[Academic lecture]. the Second International Conference on Destination Branding and Marketing for Regional Tourism Development.
Akademisk grad
År
Akademisk institusjon
Grad
2013
BI Norwegian Business School
Ph.D.
2008
Catholic University of Portugal
D.B.A.
2004
Catholic University of Portugal
Master of Business Administration
2000
University of Macau
B.B.A.
Arbeidserfaring
År
Arbeidsgiver
Tittel
2022 - Present
University of Oslo
Adjunct Professor
2016 - Present
BI Norwegian Business School
Professor
2016 - Present
Dynamic Relationships Management Journal
Editoral Board
2016 - Present
Nordic Centre for Internet and Society
Director
2017 - 2023
University of Ljubljana
Adjunct Professor
2020 - 2022
SINTEF Digital AS
Adjunct Researcher
2016 - 2016
Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University