国际移民组织（IOM）在上海为欧盟成员国大使馆和领事馆举办了关于识别人口贩运受害者的第二期培训

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中国 - 2021年7月2日，国际移民组织（IOM）在其开展的欧盟（EU）资助的第二期支持中欧人员往来和移民对话项目（MMSP II）框架下在上海举行了为欧盟成员国大使馆和领事馆关于识别人口贩运受害者的第二期培训。 

这是5月11日在北京举行的培训的第二期。在另一个地区开展同样的培训课程是一个重要的机会，能够接触到更多的欧盟领事和签证官员，使他们更加了解人口贩运这种高利润、低风险、有罪不罚率很高的犯罪活动。正如第一期培训中强调的那样，人口贩运仍然是最有利可图的犯罪活动之一，仅次于毒品和枪支贩运犯罪。全世界有大约 4100 万人被欺骗或被迫落入这种非人性的境地。新冠疫情的爆发对流动人口的权利和福祉产生了不成比例的影响，并使处于最脆弱境地的人更容易成为国内和跨国有组织犯罪网络中贩运团伙的牺牲品。

由于新冠疫情扰乱了全球范围内的常规人口流动，犯罪网络并未停止运作，因此，做好充分准备并熟悉犯罪网络不断变化的作案手法是能够及早预防人口贩运的关键。尽管目前签证签发已大为受限，但贩运者和被贩运人口依然携带或真或伪的旅行证件通过正规渠道出行。签证和领事工作人员在打击人口贩运方面发挥着重要作用，因为他们往往是潜在人口贩运受害者的第一联系人。因此，在人口重新开始流动之前做好准备是及时且必要的。通过分享国际最佳做法、标准和经验，本次培训课程旨在加深参会者对领事、签证和移民联络职能对及早发现潜在贩运案件在其日常工作中的影响的理解。

为此，分别在国际和在中国具有丰富知识和经验的两位国际移民组织专家为参会者做了这次培训。来自英国驻北京大使馆和欧洲打击犯罪威胁多学科平台 (EMPACT)的专家的宝贵见解进一步丰富了培训内容。 

在开幕词中，欧盟驻华代表团政治、新闻和信息处处长 Maria Linder 女士从北京连线并表示，该培训课程有望为打击人口贩运做出实际贡献。4月14日，欧盟通过了2021-2025年打击人口贩运新战略。新战略提出了识别和制止贩运、追捕罪犯、保护受害者和重建他们的生活的具体行动。该战略还明确强调了贩运人口和应对犯罪的复杂性。这样的培训可以增加对人口贩运的了解，并使签证和领事工作人员有能力进一步打击犯罪。

位于布鲁塞尔的欧盟移民和内部事务总司国际战略部的 Maria Madrid 女士在视频信息中强调了及早识别人口贩运受害者的重要性，并分享了欧盟近期为打击人口贩运所做的努力。

国际移民组织驻华代表处项目经理、国际移民组织代表和培训协调员Laura  Scorretti 女士回顾了领事、签证和移民联络官作为检测和保护被贩运受害者代理人的价值。了解每个东道国的人口贩运指标、面谈技巧和转介系统，可以成为早期预防人口贩运的基本手段。

这次培训的目的是将人口贩运和走私知识主流化，加强使馆工作人员在处理签证申请或与外国人进行面谈时发现和打击人口贩运的能力，并鼓励就这些问题开展对话与合作。 

培训涵盖了人口贩运的基本概念，例如国际法律框架中的定义，其组成以及如何将其与偷运移民和对移民工人的剥削区别开来，以及贩运人口的主要指标，访谈技术，全球趋势，贩运与签证申请之间的联系，以及规范反贩运的中国法律框架。与会者还获悉了转介中国潜在人口贩运受害者的原则和方式、法律手段和基本策略。  

如需了解更多项目信息，请联系国际移民组织驻华代表处苏汀兰女士，电话: + 86 18618425010; 电子邮箱: LSCORRETTI@iom.int 

Beijing, China – A “Training for EU Embassies and Consulates on identification of victims of human trafficking” took place in Shanghai on 2 July 2021 under the framework the Phase II of the EU-China Dialogue on Migration and Mobility Support Project (MMSP II), implemented by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) with financial support from the European Union (EU).

This was the second edition of a training held in Beijing on 11 May. Repeating the training session in another province of China was a key opportunity to reach more EU consular and visa officers and enable them to become more aware of human trafficking, a highly profitable crime which presents relatively low risk levels and high impunity rates for the trafficker. As highlighted already in the first edition, human trafficking continues to feature amongst the most lucrative criminal activities, estimated to be second only to drug and firearms trafficking crimes. At any given time, it is believed that worldwide, some 41 million people are deceived or forced into such degrading and dehumanizing status. Covid-19 outbreak has had a disproportionate impact on the rights and wellbeing of people on the move and put those in the most vulnerable situation at even higher risk of falling prey of trafficking rings, within domestic and transnational organized crime networks.

As Covid-19 has disrupted regular travels worldwide, criminal networks have not stopped operating and being well prepared and aware of changing modus operandi of criminal networks is key to be able to prevent trafficking at an early stage. Although visa issuance is significantly halted at the moment, traffickers and Victime of Trafficking (VoT) often travel via regular channels, with genuine or forged travel documents. As visa and consular staff play an important role in combatting trafficking in human beings, as they often are the first point of contact for potential victims of trafficking, being prepared before travels restart at a pre-pandemic regime is timely and necessary. Through the sharing of international best practices, standards and experiences, the training course aimed to increase participants’ understanding of the implications of consular, visa and immigration liaison functions on early detection of potential trafficking cases in the performance of their day-to-day work.

To this end, two IOM experts with a wealth of knowledge and experience in working on these issues, internationally and in China respectively, facilitated the training course. Training contents were further enriched by valuable insights fromexperts connected online from the British Embassy in Beijing and the European Multidisciplinary Platform against Criminal Threats (EMPACT).

In the opening remarks, Ms Maria Linder, Head of Political, Press and Information Section ofthe EU Delegation to China, connected from Beijing and said that this training course was expected to deliver practical contribution to the fight against human trafficking, which has been a key priority of the new EU Strategy on Combatting Trafficking in Human Beings 2021-2025, adopted on 14 April. The EU Strategy proposed concrete actions to identify and stop trafficking, go after criminals, protect victims and rebuild their lives. The Strategy also clearly emphasized the complex nature of trafficking in human beings and of the responses to the crime. Such training initiative could increase knowledge of human trafficking and allow visa and consular staff to further engage against the crime.

Ms Maria Madrid from the Unit A.3 International Strategy at the EU’s Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs in Brussels, emphasized in a video message the importance of identifying victims of trafficking at an early stage and highlighted the most recent EU’s efforts to combat the crime while increasing the capacity to identify and protect victims of human trafficking as early as possible.

The Programme Manager of MMSP II in IOM China, Ms Laura Scorretti, IOM representative and training facilitator, recalled the value of consular, visa and immigration liaison officers as agent of detection and protection of VoTs. Being aware of trafficking indicators, interviewing techniques and referral system in each host country, can be a fundamental tool to prevent trafficking at an early stage.

The aims of this training were to mainstream the knowledge of human trafficking as an organized crime and to strengthen the capacity of Consulates’ staff to detect indicators of trafficking while processing visa applications or conducting interviews to foreigners, and to encourage dialogues and cooperation within and between the Consulates on these issues.

The training covered basic concepts of human trafficking, such as its definition in the international legal framework, its components, and how to distinguish it from smuggling of migrants and exploitation of migrant workers, as well as main indicators of trafficking, interviewing techniques, global trends and connection between trafficking and visa applications, as well as the Chinese legal framework regulating counter trafficking. Participants were also informed on the principles and modalities to refer potential victims of trafficking in China, as well as law tools and strategies.

For further information, please contact Laura SCORRETTI at the IOM Office to China,Tel: + 86 18618425010;  Email: LSCORRETTI@iom.int