Lipid profile adjustments may contribute to warming acclimation and to heat impact mitigation by elevated [CO2] in Coffea spp

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103856Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
open access

Highlights

  • Membranes remodeling is among coffee tolerance responses to environmental stresses.

  • Lipid dynamics of chloroplast membranes is linked to heat and high [CO2] acclimation.

  • Adjustments occurred at TFA, unsaturation degree, FA lipid classes, and chain length.

  • Greater changes found in amount and weight in MGDG, DGDG, and PG classes.

Abstract

An unexpected heat resilience, and the mitigation of heat impacts by elevated [CO2] were recently reported in Coffea spp. Plants must maintain membrane fluidity and integrity to cope with temperature changes, which requires an adequate lipid dynamics. This work provides the lipid profile (galactolipids, GL; phospholipids, PL; sulfolipids, SL) of chloroplast membranes, and the expression of a set of genes related to lipid metabolism in Coffea arabica L. (cv. Icatu and IPR108) and C. canephora cv. Conilon CL153, under elevated [CO2] (380 or 700 μL L−1), heat (25/20, 31/25, 37/30 and 42/34 °C, day/night) and their interaction. Major membrane lipids alterations, different among genotypes, included: A) responsiveness of total fatty acids (TFAs) synthesis to [CO2] (except IPR108) and heat (except CL153); stronger remodeling (unsaturation degree) in the 700-plants from 37/30 °C to 42/34 °C, coordinated at transcriptional level with the down-regulation of fatty acid desaturase FAD3 gene (C. arabica) and up-regulation of lipoxygenase genes LOX5A (CL153 and Icatu) and LOX5B (Icatu) at the highest temperature; B) quantitative and qualitative modifications in GL (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, MGDG; digalactosyldiacylglycerol, DGDG), PL (phosphatidylcholine, PC; phosphatidylglycerol, PG), and SL (sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, SQDG) classes, prompted by heat, elevated [CO2], and, especially, the interaction, in CL153 and Icatu. Overall membrane enrichment with MGDG and DGDG as a result of heat and [CO2] interaction in these genotypes, but at the highest temperature only in Icatu the high [CO2] maintained greater contents and unsaturation values of these GLs than in the 380-plants. C) Among PL classes, PG seems to play an active role in heat acclimation of C. arabica genotypes, increasing in 700-plants at 42/34 °C. Globally, Icatu often showed changes closer to those of heat tolerant cv. CL153 than to cv. IPR108. Overall, lipid profile adjustments in chloroplast membranes, from TFAs bulk until FA unsaturation within each class, are expected to contribute to long-term acclimation to climate changes in coffee plant.

Abbreviations

DBI
double bond index
DGDG
digalactosyldiacylglycerol
FA
fatty acid
FAD
fatty acid desaturase
GL
total galactolipids
LOX
lipoxygenase
LR
lipid residue
MGDG
monogalactosyldiacylglycerol
PA
phosphatidic acid
PC
phosphatidylcholine
PE
phosphatidylethanolamine
PG
phosphatidylglycerol
PI
phosphatidylinositol
PL
total phospholipids
PS
photosystem
PUFA
polyunsaturated fatty acid
SL
sulfolipids
SQDG
sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol
TFA
total fatty acids
C16:0
palmitic acid
C16:1t
3-trans-hexadecenoic acid
C16:1
c+t cis+trans palmitoleic acid
C18:0
stearic acid
C18:1
oleic acid
C18:2
linoleic acid
C18:3
linolenic acid

Keywords

C. arabica
C. canephora
Chloroplast lipid profiling
Climate changes
Elevated air [CO2]
Heat
Membrane remodeling
Warming

Cited by (0)

1

These authors contributed equally to this work.

2

Current Affilliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVAde Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.