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Climate Change, Physical Activity and Sport: A Systematic Review

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Abstract

Background

Climate change impacts are associated with dramatic consequences for human health and threaten physical activity (PA) behaviors.

Objective

The aims of this systematic review were to present the potential bidirectional associations between climate change impacts and PA behaviors in humans and to propose a synthesis of the literature through a conceptual model of climate change and PA.

Methods

Studies published before October 2020 were identified through database searches in PubMed, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, GreenFILE, GeoRef, Scopus, JSTOR and Transportation Research Information Services. Studies examining the associations between PA domains and climate change (e.g., natural disasters, air pollution, and carbon footprint) were included.

Results

A narrative synthesis was performed and the 74 identified articles were classified into 6 topics: air pollution and PA, extreme weather conditions and PA, greenhouse gas emissions and PA, carbon footprint among sport participants, natural disasters and PA and the future of PA and sport practices in a changing world. Then, a conceptual model was proposed to identify the multidimensional associations between climate change and PA as well as sport practices. Results indicated a consistent negative effect of air pollution, extreme temperatures and natural disasters on PA levels. This PA reduction is more severe in adults with chronic diseases, higher body mass index and the elderly. Sport and PA communities can play an important mitigating role in post-natural disaster contexts. However, transport related to sport practices is also a source of greenhouse gas emissions.

Conclusion

Climate change impacts affect PA at a worldwide scale. PA is observed to play both a mitigation and an amplification role in climate changes.

Trial Registration Number

PROSPERO CRD42019128314.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Philippe Squarzoni, Pablo Servigne, Jean-Marc Jancovici, Philippe Bihouix, and members of Thinkerview for their seminal work

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculté des sciences, Complexe des Sciences, Pavillon des Sciences Biologiques (SB), Université du Québec à Montréal, UQÀM, Local: SB-4445, 141, Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada

    Paquito Bernard, Celia Kingsbury, Tegwen Gadais & Kelsey N. Dancause

  2. Research Center, Montreal University Institute of Mental Health, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Paquito Bernard, Celia Kingsbury & Ahmed-Jérôme Romain

  3. ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain

    Guillaume Chevance

  4. Department of Nursing, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Canada

    Aurélie Baillot

  5. Institut du Savoir Montfort–Recherche, Ottawa, Canada

    Aurélie Baillot

  6. École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’activité Physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Ahmed-Jérôme Romain

  7. DRIS - Korian, GCS CIPS - 800 Avenue Joseph Vallot, Lodève, France

    Virginie Molinier

Authors
  1. Paquito Bernard
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  2. Guillaume Chevance
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  3. Celia Kingsbury
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  4. Aurélie Baillot
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  5. Ahmed-Jérôme Romain
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  6. Virginie Molinier
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  7. Tegwen Gadais
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  8. Kelsey N. Dancause
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Contributions

PB conceived the study. Data collection and extraction were performed by PB, CK and GC. All the authors contributed to refinement of the study protocol, and edited, revised and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paquito Bernard.

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Data Availability Statement

Research protocol and data files (.bib) are available in the following OSF account: https://osf.io/z2us6.

Conflict of Interest

Paquito Bernard, Guillaume Chevance, Celia Kingsbury, Aurélie Baillot, Ahmed-Jérôme Romain, Virginie Molinier, Tegwen Gadais and Kelsey Dancause declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review.

Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency. PB is supported by the Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Montréal and by a salary award from the Fonds de recherche du Québec–Santé. KD and AB hold a Chercheur-Boursier Junior 1 FRQS scholarship. GC acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and State Research Agency through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.

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Bernard, P., Chevance, G., Kingsbury, C. et al. Climate Change, Physical Activity and Sport: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 51, 1041–1059 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01439-4

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